Tration was quantified by using an ELISA from American Diagnostica (Stamford, CT).Cell Toxicity Assays. We added formazan to HAEC for 3 h and thenusing Student's t test for single measurements or ANOVA for repeated measurements. The null hypothesis was rejected where the P values were 0.05.This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grants R01 HL63706, R01 HL074061, P01 HL65608,
Tosynthetic pigments appears to have incurred only minimal specializations in reaction center proteins to accommodate these alternate pigments. These features clearly show that the genus Acaryochloris is a fitting candidate for understanding genome expansion, gene acquisition, ecological adaptation, and photosystem modification in the cyanobacteria.comparative microbial genomics photosynthesis oxy
Is that between pREB7 and pREB8, with 29 of pREB7 (or 38 of pREB8) nucleotides sharing 75 identity. The matching regions range from 100 to 8,500 bp with an average of 1,800 bp. Several plasmids also share a few very large homologous regions ( 10 kbp) but do not share a significant global sequence identity. The internal homology between all A. marina plasmids exceeds that seen between its plasmi
E homologs to all known chlorophyll a biosynthesis genes. The two proteins responsible for the biosynthesis of Chl a from protoporphyrin IX, magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase (AcsF) and chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) (30), are highly homologous to those in other cyanobacteria, including a common conserved duplication of acsF. This indicates that Chl d is likely synthesize
Possible that the means of Chl d synthesis could be completely unrelated to anything familiar in chlorophyll chemistry, it is far more likely that an enzyme has been recruited from related pathways. Major sources of interest are the large pool of proteins orthologous to ``Chl degradation'' and aromatic ring breakage,PNAS February 12, 2008 vol. 105 no. 6GENETICSFig. 2. Phylogenetic relationship of
Tegory (rings 1 and 2), deviation from average GC content (ring 3), and GC skew (ring 4). All plasmids are represented at 10 scale for visualization except pREB9 at 500. Color codes are as follows: turquoise, small-molecule biosynthesis; yellow, central or intermediary metabolism; orange, energy metabolism; red, signal transduction; light blue, DNA metabolism; blue, transcription; purple, protein
Cystis and Nostoc at 8.4 (28.1 ) and 9.8 (36.1 ), respectively. Another possible influence on the expansion is the presence of duplicate copies of recA, an important multifunctional DNA repair and recombination enzyme found in nearly every organism (reviewed in ref. 22). There are an astounding seven distinct copies of this gene (recA) found in the A. marina genome, far greater than the previous
Cystis and Nostoc at 8.4 (28.1 ) and 9.8 (36.1 ), respectively. Another possible influence on the expansion is the presence of duplicate copies of recA, an important multifunctional DNA repair and recombination enzyme found in nearly every organism (reviewed in ref. 22). There are an astounding seven distinct copies of this gene (recA) found in the A. marina genome, far greater than the previous