Ehalf of the Federation of European Microbiological SocietiesG. Chandra K.F. ChaterTable 2. Streptomyces genes or gene clusters that frequently contain TTA codons* SCO number of gene *asterisk means TTA codons are absent from the S. coelicolor gene 0381*;0382*;0383 0683*;0684*;0685* Fraction of TTA-containing orthologues among 14 Streptomyces genomes (see note) 6/12; 5/9; 2/10 2/12; 4/13; 2/Func
N each cluster co-evolved (results not shown). WhiJ paralogues in S. coelicolor vary considerably in their conservation in other organisms. One (SCO3421) was present in nearly all complex actinomycetes, and the adjacent gene encoding a likely antisigma factor nearly always contained a TTA codon in Streptomycineae (but in no other groups). Another present in all Streptomycineae (SCO4441) was also w
Actinobacterial bacteria. These genes are often clustered withone or both types of whiJ-associated genes. Most mycelial actinomycetes have two or three WhiJ paralogues, but K. setae has five, and all streptomycetes have more than 10, sometimes more than 20. Phylogenetic analysis of WhiJ paralogues from four well-studied streptomycetes is shown in Fig. 7. The branching pattern is consistent with un
N each cluster co-evolved (results not shown). WhiJ paralogues in S. coelicolor vary considerably in their conservation in other organisms. One (SCO3421) was present in nearly all complex actinomycetes, and the adjacent gene encoding a likely antisigma factor nearly always contained a TTA codon in Streptomycineae (but in no other groups). Another present in all Streptomycineae (SCO4441) was also w
Itive search for orthologues of the 147 S. coelicolor TTA-containing genes (or in some cases gene clusters). We identified 19 that were widespread and frequently TTA-containing in 13 other Streptomyces genomes (Table 2). In addition, a further 10 genes or gene clusters frequently had TTA codons, even though their S. coelicolor orthologues were TTA-free (asterisks in Table 2). As 27/29 of the TTA-c
Odon in one or another gene of the cluster.towards the start of genes that is observed in streptomycetes, and sometimes occur in conserved growthassociated genes (Chater Chandra, 2008). Interestingly, there is a strong target for BldD binding within bldA (den Hengst et al., 2010).Previously unnoticed aspects of the occurrence of conserved TTA codonsEarlier analyses had indicated that most of the
Stars); S. venezuelae (yellow squares)] and Thermobifida fusca (brown crosses). The tree represents a phylogenetic analysis using PHYLIP (Felsenstein, 1989, 2005).FEMS Microbiol Rev 38 (2014) 345??2013 The Author. FEMS Microbiology Reviews published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological SocietiesG. Chandra K.F. Chater6003, 7615). TTA codons were not ass
Licolor is the whiJ gene (SCO4543) for a deduced DNA-binding protein (Gehring et al., 2000; Ainsa et al., 2010). Most of the 24 paralogues of whiJ in the S. coelicolor chromosome are associated with one or both of two kinds of immediately neighbouring genes, one kind encoding very small DNA-binding proteins (i.e. like SCO4542) and the other encoding proteins with features like antisigma factors (e