R plants also synthesize both - and -carotene; however, -carotene is used primarily as a precursor of lutein, and only -carotene is found in reaction centers. Future biochemical work may indicate whether a preferential interaction between Chl d and -carotene (rather than -carotene) could account for its exclusivity in the reaction center. The chromosome of A. marina codes for 11 proteins predicted
E homologs to all known chlorophyll a biosynthesis genes. The two proteins responsible for the biosynthesis of Chl a from protoporphyrin IX, magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase (AcsF) and chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) (30), are highly homologous to those in other cyanobacteria, including a common conserved duplication of acsF. This indicates that Chl d is likely synthesize
E homologs to all known chlorophyll a biosynthesis genes. The two proteins responsible for the biosynthesis of Chl a from protoporphyrin IX, magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase (AcsF) and chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) (30), are highly homologous to those in other cyanobacteria, including a common conserved duplication of acsF. This indicates that Chl d is likely synthesize
E homologs to all known chlorophyll a biosynthesis genes. The two proteins responsible for the biosynthesis of Chl a from protoporphyrin IX, magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase (AcsF) and chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) (30), are highly homologous to those in other cyanobacteria, including a common conserved duplication of acsF. This indicates that Chl d is likely synthesize
E the antibody isotype-profile of influenza-specific B cell responses. TLR7 plus type I IFN signaling can drive class switch recombination to IgG2a/c, while its stimulation without type I IFNR signaling drives IgG1 (75). This is consistent with studies showing that a lack of type I IFN direct signaling following influenza infection decreases IgG2a/c and increases IgG1 (30). Recently, TLR7 signalin
He global population of Acaryochloris species has a range of lifestyles from free-living to symbiotic and marine to terrestrial. We report here the complete genome sequence of A. marina str. MBIC11017, the first A. marina strain isolated from the Prochloron-dominated colonial ascidian Lissoclinum patella off the tropical coast of the Palau islands (3, 5). This represents a previously uncharacteriz
To water oxidation. Acaryochloris ecotypes have been found in marine environments in close association with other oxygenic phototrophs such as Prochloron (associate with colonial ascidians) (3, 5, 10), eukaryotic macroalgae (11, 12), and in a microbial mat in the Salton Sea, a saline and highly eutrophic California lake (13). In each environment, the photosynthetically available radiation is likel
Cyanobacteria and higher plantscontain -carotene as a primary carotenoid found in both PSI and PSII (Fig. 3). In the case of A. marina, -carotene was detected instead of -carotene, and zeaxanthin, an oxidative product of -carotene, was identified as a major carotenoid (4, 13). A similar carotenoid composition has been reported only in Prochlorococcus species that contain atypical, divinyl-Chls, an