Y and inflammation [17]. However the inflammation induced by obesity is understood to result from-6 Lower adiposity Higher adiposity-Log CRP -Lower adiposity Higher adiposityBelow median growthAbove median growthFigure 5. Relationships between log CRP, investment in growth and adiposity. Adiposity mediates the relationship between log CRP and growth. Girls who are investing heavily in growth and h
It is difficult to parse behavioral from physiological influences without direct measurement of the growth spurt. Alternatively, changes in levels of CRP may signify broader shifts in immunocompetence, perhaps particularly in innate immunocompetence, and not be specific to the action of CRP in particular. Outside of the context of chronic disease and pathology, the functional significance of varia
Ry subtype focus [2] . The broad symptomatic profile of patients with ASD has hampered the search for diagnostic biomarkers of the disorder. Idiopathic (nonsyndromic) ASD, for which an underlying cause has not been identified, represent the majority of cases. Individuals with ASD traced to either single-gene mutations or defined chromosomal/cytogenetic abnormalities (syndromic autism) exhibit char
Ry subtype focus [2] . The broad symptomatic profile of patients with ASD has hampered the search for diagnostic biomarkers of the disorder. Idiopathic (nonsyndromic) ASD, for which an underlying cause has not been identified, represent the majority of cases. Individuals with ASD traced to either single-gene mutations or defined chromosomal/cytogenetic abnormalities (syndromic autism) exhibit char
Egulates energy metabolism and storage and is also the site of immune and antibacterial responses [41, 42]. And it is well-known that a minimum level of body fat and the hormone leptin is necessary to maintain T-mediated immunity [43], and that leptin can regulate inflammatory immune processes, including stimulating Il-6 production in macrophages [44, 45]. This is congruent with our initial eviden
Y, though the correlation is relatively weak (Pearson's R = 0.22, P = 0.001). Adiposity appears to mediate the investment between immune function and growth (Fig. 5). Independent-group t-tests were conducted to compare mean log CRP levels between groups of girls based on investment in growth and adipose reserves, as defined by median splits for height velocity and global adiposity. Considering fir
Ment in other energetic demands, such as reproduction or physical activity, also evidence trade-offs with nonacute immune function? Intriguingly, two recent studies support a hypothesis that there are some trade-offs between female reproductive function and higher levels of CRP. Though they do not| Shattuck-Heidorn et al.Evolution, Medicine, and Public Healthspecifically investigate non-acute CRP,
N addition, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, and the Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science for statistical assistance.fundingThis research was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (BCS-0925768), an NSF Senior Research Grant (BCS0921237), and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for Shattuck-Heidorn. Rese