Ment in other energetic demands, such as reproduction or physical activity, also evidence trade-offs with nonacute immune function? Intriguingly, two recent studies support a hypothesis that there are some trade-offs between female reproductive function and higher levels of CRP. Though they do not| Shattuck-Heidorn et al.Evolution, Medicine, and Public Healthspecifically investigate non-acute CRP,
Urrent caloric excess, but still have very low absolute levels of adipose tissue. While organisms may use markers of energetic balance to judge whether to embark upon long term energetic projects, such as female reproduction [6], an acute immune response will demand a large amount of energy in a short period of time [3]. Given this, it may be more reliable for organisms to use signals of energetic
Urrent caloric excess, but still have very low absolute levels of adipose tissue. While organisms may use markers of energetic balance to judge whether to embark upon long term energetic projects, such as female reproduction [6], an acute immune response will demand a large amount of energy in a short period of time [3]. Given this, it may be more reliable for organisms to use signals of energetic
El 1. Adiposity as predictorModel 2. Leptin as an independent predictorModel 3. Leptin as predictorModel 4. C-peptide of insulinModel 5. Linear growth velocitywere applied to adjust for urinary concentration [37]. The intra-assay coefficient of variation for the high control was 13.4 and for the low controls 13.8 . Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 10.1 for high and 15.7 for low contro
Ment in other energetic demands, such as reproduction or physical activity, also evidence trade-offs with nonacute immune function? Intriguingly, two recent studies support a hypothesis that there are some trade-offs between female reproductive function and higher levels of CRP. Though they do not| Shattuck-Heidorn et al.Evolution, Medicine, and Public Healthspecifically investigate non-acute CRP,
Egulates energy metabolism and storage and is also the site of immune and antibacterial responses [41, 42]. And it is well-known that a minimum level of body fat and the hormone leptin is necessary to maintain T-mediated immunity [43], and that leptin can regulate inflammatory immune processes, including stimulating Il-6 production in macrophages [44, 45]. This is congruent with our initial eviden
Stigated models that included interaction terms between fat gain and age, as well as fat gain and a dichotomous growth velocity indicator (above or below 1 cm/year). We did not find any significant interactions between fat gain and these covariates of pubertal transition.| Shattuck-Heidorn et al.Evolution, Medicine, and Public HealthCONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSAs a lean population going through the
Positively predicted log CRP (b = 0.16, SE = 0.04, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.17). Including individuals with CRP over 2 mg/L did not affect the model (b = 0.19, SE = 0.04, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.17). Including age and season as covariates did not influence the significance of adiposity as a predictor of CRP (Model 1, Table 2). These results suggest a relatively continuous relationship between adiposity and CRP