Blasts, bone marrow mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and cardiac myocytes (140). Various triggers induce synthesis of ET-1 including TGF- and other growth factors, cold exposure, low shear stress, hypoxia, and angiotensin II (140); but its synthesis is reduced by nitric oxide (NO), natriuretic peptides, increased blood flow, and prostacyclinCD87 (UPAR)(141). ET-1 is also degraded by MMP-1, wh
Of the A. marina chromosome nucleotide sequence (vs. itself) shows 18.7 of the sequence (not including the original, duplicated sequence) has a homology of greater than E 1 10 10 to another location on the chromosome. This is significantly higher than the 11.2 and 5.8 duplication in Synechocystis PCC6803 and Nostoc sp. PCC7120, respectively. A. marina actually has far fewer duplicated regions t
Of the A. marina chromosome nucleotide sequence (vs. itself) shows 18.7 of the sequence (not including the original, duplicated sequence) has a homology of greater than E 1 10 10 to another location on the chromosome. This is significantly higher than the 11.2 and 5.8 duplication in Synechocystis PCC6803 and Nostoc sp. PCC7120, respectively. A. marina actually has far fewer duplicated regions t
Possible that the means of Chl d synthesis could be completely unrelated to anything familiar in chlorophyll chemistry, it is far more likely that an enzyme has been recruited from related pathways. Major sources of interest are the large pool of proteins orthologous to ``Chl degradation'' and aromatic ring breakage,PNAS February 12, 2008 vol. 105 no. 6GENETICSFig. 2. Phylogenetic relationship of
Cyanobacteria and higher plantscontain -carotene as a primary carotenoid found in both PSI and PSII (Fig. 3). In the case of A. marina, -carotene was detected instead of -carotene, and zeaxanthin, an oxidative product of -carotene, was identified as a major carotenoid (4, 13). A similar carotenoid composition has been reported only in Prochlorococcus species that contain atypical, divinyl-Chls, an
Ed transposable regions for 20 of the genes, significantly lower than the 70 found in Nostoc sp. PCC7120 (2). This is partly because of the vast disparity in transposable elements in the two similarly sized genomes, with nearly 1,300 detected in Nostoc and only 500 in A. marina. Surprisingly, a large number of transposases and integrases in A. marina cluster together in regions with no detectabl
Ecies (32). Such enzymes could provide another means for Chl d biosynthesis. A. marina codes for 12 proteins with putative radical SAM motifs, far more than expected from an oxygen-producing cyanobacterium. Of these 12, two (AM1 5023 and AM1 5798) share very little homology with other sequenced cyanobacteria. The Chl d biosynthesis pathway may not be as simple as expected. Unlike the formyl side c
Ecies (32). Such enzymes could provide another means for Chl d biosynthesis. A. marina codes for 12 proteins with putative radical SAM motifs, far more than expected from an oxygen-producing cyanobacterium. Of these 12, two (AM1 5023 and AM1 5798) share very little homology with other sequenced cyanobacteria. The Chl d biosynthesis pathway may not be as simple as expected. Unlike the formyl side c